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= Objecten - De basis bouwstenen van OSM-gegevens en kaarten =

JOSM helpt u om gegevens met betrekking objecten uit de echte wereld in te voeren in de geo-database van OSM. Ondanks de overweldigende complexiteit van objecten in de echte wereld die u kunt mappen, Verschaft JOSM slechts drie soorten objecten als basis bouwstenen voor kaarten: '''nodes''', '''wegen''', en '''relaties'''.

U kunt '''tags''' toewijzen aan objecten. Het is de toegewezen verzameling tags die een node een restaurant anders weergeeft dan een node die een kerk weergeeft, of een weg die een weg in een woonwijk weergeeft anders dan een weg die een rivier weergeeft, of een relatie die een busroute anders weergeeft dan een relatie die een fietsroute weergeeft.

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== Nodes, wegen en relaties == #NodesWaysRelations
=== Nodes ===
[[Image(source:trunk/images/data/node.png)]] Een '''node'''  is een individueel punt met een gedefinieerde positie.

=== Wegen ===
[[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] Een '''weg''' is een reeks nodes. Ondanks de naam vertegenwoordigt een [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] '''weg'''  niet alleen wegen in de echte wereld. Een [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] '''weg''' in OSM wordt ook gebruikt om een rivier weer te geven, de grenzen van een land, of zelfs een gebouw.

==== Closed Ways (Areas) ==== #ClosedWays
If a [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/closedway.png)]] **way** is closed, i.e. if the last [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/node.png)]] **node** is the same as  the first [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/node.png)]] **node**, it is also called an [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/closedway.png)]] **area**.

=== Relations ===
[[Image(source:trunk/images/data/relation.png)]] A '''relation''' is an sequence of other objects, for instance a sequence of [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] '''ways''' (representing road segments) and [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/node.png)]] '''nodes''' (representing bus stops) which represent a bus route. Each object participating in a [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/relation.png)]] '''relation''' can be assigned a '''role''', for instance `stop` for a bus stop in the bus route, or `forward` for a road segment which is part of the bus route from the start to the terminal station.

== Tags == 
A '''tag''' is a name/value pair assigned to an object. Tags are used to describe an object in detail. If we write `foo`=`bar` we mean ''The tag with key foo is assigned the value bar''. Here are some examples:
* `name`=`Main road` assigned to a '''way'''. This tag indicates that the name of the way is `Main road`. 
* `amenity`=`restaurant` assigned to a '''node'''. This tag indicates that the '''node''' represents a restaurant in the real-world.
* `route`=`bus` assigned to a '''relation'''. This tag indicates that the relation represents a bus route.

Tags can be combined. An object can carry as many tags as necessary. Here's a more complex example:
{{{
highway=living_street
name=Main road
name:de=Hauptstrasse
maxspeed=30
hgv=no
oneway=yes
}}}
Assigned to a [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] **way**, this set of '''tags''' indicate, that the [[Image(source:trunk/images/data/way.png)]] '''way''' represents a living street with name ''Main road'' (the German name be ''Hauptstrasse''). Speed is limited to 30km/h and heavy goods vehicles (hgv) are not allowed. Furthermore, it's a one way street.

You are free to assign an object whatever tag you feel necessary. However, there is a list of so called [http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_Features Map Features], i.e. a canonical list of '''tags''' with a well-defined meaning which are often used by mappers. Whenever possible you are adviced to stick to these tags because map renderers, routing engines, and other pieces of software rely on them.

In the [[Image(source:trunk/images/dialogs/propertiesdialog.png)]] [Dialog/Properties Properties Dialog] you can assign tags to an object, remove tags from an object, or edit assigned tags.

== Object ids ==
The OSM server assigns each object a unique number, the '''object ID''' or '''OSM ID'''. A new object doesn't have an ID (it's ID is 0) until it is uploaded the first time to the OSM server.

Under **[[Image(source:trunk/images/preference.png)]] [Action/Preferences Preferences] -> [[Image(source:trunk/images/preferences/display.png,20)]] [Preferences/Display Display Settings] -> Look and Feel** it is possible to en- or disable the display of objects ids in the toggle dialogs.

With **[Menu/File File] -> [[Image(source:trunk/images/downloadprimitive.png)]] [Action/DownloadObject Download object ...]** (''{{{Ctrl+Shift+O}}}'') it is possible to download '''objects''' by Ids.

**View -> [[Image(source:trunk/images/about.png)]] [Action/InfoAboutElements Info about Element]** (''{{{Ctrl+I}}}'') opens the '''objects' pages''' of selected objects on the [http://www.openstreetmap.org OSM website] in your web browser.

Alternatively, you can browse the objects directly by entering following address in your web browser:

{{{http://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/[node/way/relation]/[ID]}}}

== Object versions ==
Each object has a '''version'''. The '''version''' is incremented whenever the object is uploaded to the server and the OSM server not only stores the most recent version of an object, but it's complete '''history'''.

In the [[Image(source:trunk/images/dialogs/history.png)]] [Dialog/History History Dialog] you can load the '''history''' of an object and launch the [Dialog/History#Workingwiththehistorybrowser History Browser]. The History Browser will show you the '''versions''' of a particular object.

Alternatively, **''View -> [[Image(source:trunk/images/about.png)]] [Action/ObjectHistory Object history]''** opens a page on the [http://www.openstreetmap.org OSM website] in your web browser which displays the object history, too.

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