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usage:
{{{
#!sh
java <Java-options> -jar josm.jar <options> [file]
}}}
options:
{{{
--help|-h                                 Show this help
--geometry=widthxheight(+|-)x(+|-)y       Standard unix geometry argument
[--download=]minlat,minlon,maxlat,maxlon  Download the bounding box
[--download=]<URL>                        Download the location at the URL (with lat=x&lon=y&zoom=z)
[--download=]<filename>                   Open a file (any file type that can be opened with File/Open)
--downloadgps=minlat,minlon,maxlat,maxlon Download the bounding box as raw GPS
--downloadgps=<URL>                       Download the location at the URL (with lat=x&lon=y&zoom=z) as raw GPS
--selection=<searchstring>                Select with the given search

--[no-]maximize                           Launch in maximized mode
--reset-preferences                       Reset the preferences to default
--load-preferences=<url-to-xml>           Changes preferences according to the XML file
--set=<key>=<value>                       Set preference key to value
--language=<language>                     Set the language
--version                                 Displays the JOSM version and exits
--debug                                   Print debugging messages to console
--offline=<osm_api|josm_website|all>      Disable access to the given resource(s), separated by comma
}}}
options provided as Java system properties
{{{
-Djosm.home=/path/to/JOSM/folder/         Change the folder for all user settings
}}}
For some tasks, JOSM needs a lot of memory. It can be necessary to add the following Java option to specify the maximum size of allocated memory in megabytes. On the other hand, on slow systems or those with less memory, you can make JOSM more stable by restricting its memory use:
{{{
-Xmx...m                                  Set maximum Java heap size in megabytes
}}}

examples
{{{
#!sh
java -jar josm.jar track1.gpx track2.gpx london.osm
java -jar josm.jar https://www.openstreetmap.org/index.html?lat=43.2&lon=11.1&zoom=13
java -jar josm.jar london.osm --selection=http://www.ostertag.name/osm/OSM_errors_node-duplicate.xml
java -jar josm.jar 43.2,11.1,43.4,11.4
java -Djosm.home=/home/user/.josm_dev -jar josm.jar
java -Xmx400m -jar josm.jar
java -jar josm.jar --set=expert=true
}}}

Parameters `--download`, `--downloadgps` and `--selection` are processed in this order.
Make sure you load some data if you use `--selection`.